DESCRIPTION :

Description: Mohéli Marine Park is the first and only Comoros’ national marine park and a UNESCO biosphere reserve. This project targets 200 hectares of seagrass meadows which are critical habitats for endangered species such as green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and dugongs (Dugong dugon). They also play an essential role in sediment stabilization, nutrient cycling, and carbon capture. Baseline assessments were conducted through a combination of species composition surveys, core sediment sampling, and above- and below-ground biomass measurements to estimate carbon stocks. Stratification of sites was done based on seagrass density, species diversity, and sediment type, providing a scientific foundation for monitoring changes over time. Preliminary data suggest minimal methane (CH₄) emissions due to high tidal flushing and oxygenated sediments, enhancing the net carbon sink potential of the meadows. Monitoring protocols emphasize seasonal data collection to capture ecological variability and better inform adaptive management strategies. This initiative champions community-based marine stewardship, fostering a sense of ownership among local stakeholders. Through participatory mapping, patrols, and restoration efforts, the project integrates ecological objectives with social development goals. The project has built-in safeguards to protect marine ecosystems and support local communities: Environmental safeguards: ● Protection of natural habitats: Intact seagrass meadows are safeguarded through marine zoning to prevent damage from human activities. ● Use of local species: Replanting uses seagrass species that are locally adapted to ensure ecological balance and resilience. ● Prevention of physical damage: Exclusion zones are set up to stop anchoring and trampling, helping to prevent further degradation. ● Baseline monitoring: Regular surveys and core sampling are used to track sediment carbon and ecological health over time. ● GHG risk reduction: The project monitors methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) levels, especially in degraded areas, to guide restoration efforts and avoid emissions spikes. Social safeguards: ● Community training: Local residents receive training on sustainable marine practices, seagrass restoration, and carbon monitoring. ● Inclusive participation: Local fishers and youth groups are actively involved in planning and restoration to ensure their voices are heard and their needs are met. ● Livelihood support: The project aims to create alternative income opportunities through conservation jobs and future carbon credit benefits. ● Conflict prevention: Clear marine zoning and community involvement help reduce user conflicts and build support for long-term conservation. ● Transparency and accountability: A local feedback system allows communities to raise concerns or suggestions and be part of decision-making. Baseline for Emissions: ● Baseline Year: 2021 ● Soil Organic Carbon (SOC): 2.2% ● Bulk Density (BD): 1.1 Mg/m³ ● Soil Depth (D): 0.5 m ● Seagrass Cover at Baseline: 80% ● Estimated Baseline Emissions (ΔC): ΔC(PA) = [0.022 x 1.1 x 0.5] x 0.80 x 200 ha x 15 = 290.4 Mg C over 15 years (~1,064 Mg CO₂-eq if degradation continues due to tourism and trawling pressure) Low salinity and active water exchange zones indicated relatively low CH₄ and N₂O emissions at baseline. However, adjacent degraded sites showed elevated GHGs, emphasizing the urgency of